Grounding system calculation

The right earthing system protects people and equipment. GorkyCAD calculates: soil type, rod depth and count, resistance check against the standard — for TN-C-S / TN-S systems.

📐 Floor Plan & Rooms

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Walls & Partitions

Load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls, partitions, thickness and material settings.

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Doors & Windows

Door and window placement, size configuration, opening direction.

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Dimensions & Annotations

Automatic dimensions, callouts, text annotations on the plan.

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DXF Import

Import floor plans from AutoCAD and other CAD systems via DXF.

⚡ Electrical

Outlets & Switches

Power and low-current outlets, switches, dimmers. GOST/IS symbols.

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Lighting

Luminaires, lighting groups, automatic illuminance calculation.

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Junction Boxes

Automatic junction box placement, connection count accounting.

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GOST/PUE/IS Symbols

Complete library of symbols per GOST, PUE, IS, IEC standards.

🔲 Panels

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Auto Panel Assembly

Automatic panel layout: MCBs, RCDs, RCBOs, isolators — from the schematic.

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DIN Rails & Busbars

Automatic DIN rail length calculation, auto busbars per phase.

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Feeder Topology

Panel hierarchy: main → sub → floor → apartment. Automatic connectivity.

〰️ Cables & Routes

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Auto Routing

Automatic cable routing via shortest path with obstacle avoidance.

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Cable Sizing

Automatic cross-section calculation by heating, voltage drop, short-circuit current.

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Cable Schedule

Automatic cable schedule generation with types, lengths, routes.

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Voltage Drop

Voltage drop calculation along the entire chain: from main panel to end consumer.

📊 Calculations

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Loads

Pinst, Pcalc, Icalc, cos φ, Kd — automatic per IEC/IS standards.

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Short-Circuit

Single-phase and three-phase short-circuit current calculation, breaker verification.

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Selectivity

Protection selectivity check: upstream/downstream breaker coordination.

Deterministic Engine

All calculations are deterministic, not LLM. Guaranteed repeatability.

📄 Documents

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PDF Complete Set

Plan, single-line diagram, panel schematic, BOM, cable schedule, estimate — one click.

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DXF Export

Export plans and schematics to DXF for compatibility with AutoCAD and other CAD.

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Bill of Materials

Automatic bill of materials with equipment, cables and materials quantities.

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Estimate

Automatic cost calculation for equipment, cables, and installation work.

🤖 AI Assistant

✅

Standards Checking

Automatic project check against GOST, PUE, IS, IEC with violation details.

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Recommendations

AI suggests fixes for errors and project optimizations.

Calculation Explanations

Step-by-step explanation of each calculation: formulas, inputs, results.

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Project Search

Semantic project search: find all outlets in the bedroom, check cable size in the kitchen.

🏗️ 3D Visualization

3D Building Model

Automatic 3D building model from floor plan: walls, doors, windows.

3D Cable Routes

3D cable route visualization with color-coded groups.

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3D Panel

Three-dimensional panel visualization with DIN rails and devices.

And this is just the beginning. New features are added every week.

🌐 Open app 🚀 Try for free

How it works

Choose soil type (clay, sand, black earth) — resistivity is applied;
Set rod parameters: length, diameter, distance;
GorkyCAD calculates resistance and says if ≤4 Ω is reached.

FAQ

What resistance is required?

For residential TN systems — ≤4 Ω per PUE, per IEC 60364 — 10 Ω for separate earthing. GorkyCAD checks both.

Which soil is the best?

Clay and loam have low resistivity (30-100 Ω·m), sand is worse (200-3000 Ω·m) — more rods needed.

Open the editor

Tuproqlash kalkulyatori

Tuproqlagich qurilmaning qarshiligini hisoblang: tuproq turi, elektrod o'lchamlari va joylashuvi hisobga olingan holda — PUE 1.7 normasiga (230/400 V uchun 4 Om dan oshmagan) muvofiqlikni tekshirish bilan.

Kalkulyator nimani hisoblaydi

Tuproqlash qurilmasi xato (izolyatsiya shikastlanishi) paytida tokning yerga ishonchli oqishi uchun elektr zanjirining eng muhim elementidir. Tuproqlagich qarshiligi qanchalik kichik bo'lsa, shikastlangan qurilma korpusidagi kuchlanish shunchalik past va himoya qurilmasi shunchalik tez ishlaydi.

Kalkulyator tuproqlagich qurilmaning qarshiligini hisoblaydi: tuproqning solishtirma qarshiligi (ρ, Om·m), elektrodlarning o'lchamlari (uzunlik, diametr), ko'mish chuqurligi va elektrodlarning o'zaro joylashuvi hisobga olinadi. Hisoblash GOST R 50571.5.54 va PUE metodikasiga asoslanadi.

Natija PUE normasi bilan taqqoslanadi: 230/400 V kuchlanishli tarmoqda himoya tuproqlash qarshiligi 4 Om dan oshmasligi kerak (PUE 1.7.101). Yashindan himoya tuproqlagichi uchun 10 Om gacha tavsiya etiladi (CO 153-34.21.122-2003).

Kalkulyatorning xususiyatlari

Tuproq turiga qarab solishtirma qarshilikni aniqlash (ρ)
Vertikal elektrod qarshiligini hisoblash
Gorizontal bog'lovchi o'tkazgichni hisobga olish
Mavsumiy koeffitsiyentni qo'llash (qurish/muzlash)
Elektrodlar sonini hisoblash: n = R₁/(R_me'yor × η)
Foydalanish koeffitsiyentini (η) hisobga olish
PUE 1.7 normasi bilan taqqoslash (4 Om)

Hisoblash formulalari

Bitta vertikal elektrodning qarshiligi (gorizontal o'tkazgichsiz): R₁ ≈ ρ / (2πL) × ln(4L/d), bunda L — elektrod uzunligi (m), d — diametri (m), ρ — tuproqning solishtirma qarshiligi (Om·m).

Bir nechta elektrod uchun umumiy qarshilik: R_umumiy = R₁ / (n × η), bunda n — elektrodlar soni, η — foydalanish koeffitsiyenti (qatordagi 2–3 elektrod uchun 0,85–0,90; kontur uchun 0,65–0,75).

Elektrodlar soni me'yor bo'yicha: n = R₁ / (R_me'yor × η), bunda R_me'yor = 4 Om (230/400 V tarmoq uchun, PUE 1.7.101).

Misol: ρ = 100 Om·m, L = 3 m, d = 0,05 m (quvur): R₁ ≈ 100/18,85 × ln(240) ≈ 29 Om. R_me'yor = 4 Om va η = 0,7 uchun: n = 29/(4 × 0,7) ≈ 10 elektrod — orasidagi masofa kamida 2L bo'lgan.

R₁ = ρ/(2πL)·ln(4L/d); R_umumiy = R₁/(n·η); n = R₁/(R_me'yor·η)

Tuproqning solishtirma qarshiligi jadvali

Tuproq turi	ρ, Om·m
Chernozem	20–60
Gil	40–150
Gil tuproq (suglink)	80–200
Qumloq (supes)	150–300
Qum	400–700
Toshloq tuproq	1000 dan ortiq

Me'yoriy baza

Tuproqlash qurilmalarini loyihalash PUE 1.7-bob (1.7.101-band: 230/400 V tarmoqda qarshilik 4 Om dan oshmasligi kerak; 1.7.111-band — tuproqlagichlar konstruksiyasi), GOST R 50571.5.54 (tuproqlash qurilmalari) va CO 153-34.21.122-2003 (yashindan himoya tuproqlagichlari) hujjatlari bilan tartibga solinadi. Asosiy talablar:

— TN tizimida himoya tuproqlash va neytral tuproqlash qarshiligi yilning istalgan vaqtida 4 Om dan oshmasligi kerak;

— yashindan himoya tuproqlagichlari uchun 10 Om gacha tavsiya etiladi (yuqori qarshilikli tuproqlarda 30 Om gacha ruxsat etiladi);

— elektrodlar korroziyaga chidamli materialdan bo'lishi kerak: ruxlangan po'lat, mis qoplamali po'lat;

— tuproqlash ulanishlari payvand yoki presslangan qisqichlar bilan amalga oshiriladi, bo'yash taqiqlanadi.

Kalkulyatordan qanday foydalanish kerak

Tuproq turini tanlang yoki solishtirma qarshilik ρ (Om·m) ni o'zingiz kiriting.
Elektrod turi va o'lchamlarini tanlang: uzunlik, diametr, material.
Ko'mish chuqurligini ko'rsating.
Talab etiladigan qarshilikni tanlang: 4 Om (himoya) yoki 10 Om (yashindan himoya).
«Hisoblash» tugmasini bosing va bitta elektrod qarshiligi, talab etiladigan son va sxemani oling.

Tez-tez uchraydigan xatolar

Elektrodlarni bo'yash yoki moylash — metall tuproq bilan aloqadan butunlay izolyatsiyalanadi.
Chuqurlik yetarli emas — yuqori qatlamda tuproq quriydi/muzlaydi va qarshilik keskin oshadi.
Mavsumiy koeffitsiyentni hisobga olmaslik — yozda qurigan tuproqda qarshilik me'yordan yuqori.
Faqat suv quvuriga ulanish — plastik quvurlarda tuproqlash umuman yo'q.
Boltli ulanishlarning korroziyasi — bo'yalmagan ulanish vaqt o'tishi bilan zaiflashadi.
Elektrodlar orasidagi masofa kam — elektrodlar bir-birini «qalqonlaydi», foydalanish koeffitsiyenti pasayadi.

Tuproqlash haqida tez-tez beriladigan savollar

Nega aynan 4 Om?

PUE 1.7.101 ga ko'ra 230/400 V tarmoqda tuproqlash qarshiligi yilning istalgan vaqtida 4 Om dan oshmasligi kerak. Bu qiymat shunday hisoblanadi: izolyatsiya shikastlanganda tuproqlash toki shunday bo'lishi kerakki, himoya qurilmasi ishonchli ishlasin, odam tegadigan korpusdagi kuchlanish esa xavfli qiymatdan (50 V) oshmasin.

Bino poydevoridagi armaturani tuproqlagich sifatida ishlatish mumkinmi?

Ha, poydevor armaturasi tabiiy tuproqlagich sifatida qabul qilinadi: uning qarshiligi ko'pincha sun'iy tuproqlagichdan kam bo'ladi. Lekin ikkita shart muhim: armaturalar orasida ishonchli elektr aloqa (payvand yoki bog'lash) va keyingi qurilish bosqichlarida armaturaning kesilmasligi. Loyihada tabiiy tuproqlagich albatta ko'rsatilishi kerak.

Mavsumiy tekshiruv nima uchun muhim?

Tuproq qarshiligi namlikka juda bog'liq: yozda qurigan tuproqda qarshilik 3–5 baravar oshadi, qishda esa muzlagan qatlamda ortadi. Mavsumiy koeffitsiyent (odatda 1,2–1,5) hisoblashda qo'llaniladi, shunda yilning eng noqulay davrida ham qarshilik 4 Om dan oshmaydi. Shuning uchun o'lchovlar quruq mavsumda o'tkaziladi.

Ishchi va himoya tuproqlash o'rtasidagi farq nima?

Ishchi tuproqlash elektr qurilmaning normal ishlashi uchun kerak (masalan, transformator neytrali). Himoya tuproqlash esa odamlarni izolyatsiya shikastlanganda kuchlanish ostida qolishi mumkin bo'lgan qurilma korpuslariga tegishdan himoya qiladi. Ularni birlashtirish mumkin, lekin qarshilik ikkala funksiya talablariga javob berishi kerak.

Isitish ko'taruvchisiga ulanish yetarlimi?

Yo'q, qat'iyan taqiqlanadi. Isitish quvurlari tuproqlash zanjiri sifatida hisobga olinmaydi: ular korroziyaga uchraydi, ulanishlari (muftalar, rezinkalar) izolyatsiyalanadi va ta'mirda ajratiladi. Izolyatsiya shikastlanganda butun xonadon xavf ostida qoladi. Tuproqlash uchun faqat loyihalangan tuproqlagich qurilma ishlatiladi.

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