Cable heating check

A cable that heats too much loses insulation and becomes a fire risk. GorkyCAD calculates heating for each line: current, cross-section, installation method — and warns if it exceeds the limit.

📐 Floor Plan & Rooms

🧱

Walls & Partitions

Load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls, partitions, thickness and material settings.

🚪

Doors & Windows

Door and window placement, size configuration, opening direction.

📏

Dimensions & Annotations

Automatic dimensions, callouts, text annotations on the plan.

📦

DXF Import

Import floor plans from AutoCAD and other CAD systems via DXF.

⚡ Electrical

Outlets & Switches

Power and low-current outlets, switches, dimmers. GOST/IS symbols.

💡

Lighting

Luminaires, lighting groups, automatic illuminance calculation.

📫

Junction Boxes

Automatic junction box placement, connection count accounting.

📋

GOST/PUE/IS Symbols

Complete library of symbols per GOST, PUE, IS, IEC standards.

🔲 Panels

🗄️

Auto Panel Assembly

Automatic panel layout: MCBs, RCDs, RCBOs, isolators — from the schematic.

📏

DIN Rails & Busbars

Automatic DIN rail length calculation, auto busbars per phase.

🌐

Feeder Topology

Panel hierarchy: main → sub → floor → apartment. Automatic connectivity.

〰️ Cables & Routes

🗺️

Auto Routing

Automatic cable routing via shortest path with obstacle avoidance.

📐

Cable Sizing

Automatic cross-section calculation by heating, voltage drop, short-circuit current.

📊

Cable Schedule

Automatic cable schedule generation with types, lengths, routes.

⬇️

Voltage Drop

Voltage drop calculation along the entire chain: from main panel to end consumer.

📊 Calculations

⚡

Loads

Pinst, Pcalc, Icalc, cos φ, Kd — automatic per IEC/IS standards.

🔥

Short-Circuit

Single-phase and three-phase short-circuit current calculation, breaker verification.

🔗

Selectivity

Protection selectivity check: upstream/downstream breaker coordination.

Deterministic Engine

All calculations are deterministic, not LLM. Guaranteed repeatability.

📄 Documents

📑

PDF Complete Set

Plan, single-line diagram, panel schematic, BOM, cable schedule, estimate — one click.

📐

DXF Export

Export plans and schematics to DXF for compatibility with AutoCAD and other CAD.

📊

Bill of Materials

Automatic bill of materials with equipment, cables and materials quantities.

💰

Estimate

Automatic cost calculation for equipment, cables, and installation work.

🤖 AI Assistant

✅

Standards Checking

Automatic project check against GOST, PUE, IS, IEC with violation details.

💡

Recommendations

AI suggests fixes for errors and project optimizations.

Calculation Explanations

Step-by-step explanation of each calculation: formulas, inputs, results.

🔍

Project Search

Semantic project search: find all outlets in the bedroom, check cable size in the kitchen.

🏗️ 3D Visualization

3D Building Model

Automatic 3D building model from floor plan: walls, doors, windows.

3D Cable Routes

3D cable route visualization with color-coded groups.

🗄️

3D Panel

Three-dimensional panel visualization with DIN rails and devices.

And this is just the beginning. New features are added every week.

🌐 Open app 🚀 Try for free

How it works

GorkyCAD uses real current of the circuit, not just the breaker;
Applies derating factors (ambient, bundled cables);
Shows temperature rise and margin to the limit.

FAQ

What is the safe temperature?

PVC insulation — up to 70 °C, XLPE — up to 90 °C. GorkyCAD keeps a 20% margin.

What factors are considered?

Ambient temperature, grouping, installation in insulation, conduit.

Open the editor

Kabel qizishi kalkulyatori

Tanlangan kabel kesimini qizish sharti bo'yicha tekshiring: ish tokining ruxsat etilgan bilan taqqoslanishi, harorat va guruhlash tuzatishlari, haddan tashqari yuklama va qisqa tutashuvda issiqlik turg'unligi.

Kalkulyator nimani hisoblaydi

O'tkazgichdan tok o'tganda R × I² qonuni bo'yicha issiqlik ajraladi: I² × R formulasi bilan aniqlanadigan yo'qotish quvvati kabelning qizishiga sabab bo'ladi. PVX izolyatsiyali kabel uchun uzoq muddatli ruxsat etilgan o'tkazgich harorati 70 °C — uni oshirish izolyatsiya eskirishini o'n baravar tezlashtiradi va qisqa tutashuv xavfini yuzaga keltiradi.

Kalkulyator tanlangan kesimni PUE 1.3-bob jadvallari bo'yicha tekshiradi: ish toki ruxsat etilganidan oshmasligi kerak (I_ish ≤ I_ruxsat). Yotqizish shartlari me'yordan farq qilsa (yuqori muhit harorati, bitta paketda bir nechta kabel, kanalda yotqizish), tuzatish koeffitsiyentlari qo'llaniladi.

Bundan tashqari, kalkulyator haddan tashqari yuklama rejimini tekshiradi: GOST 31996-2012 ga ko'ra PVX izolyatsiyali kabel 1,45 × I_ruxsat tokiga kamida 1 soat bardosh bera oladi — avtomatning termik bo'shatishi bu chegarani hisobga oladi. Qisqa liniyalarda esa qisqa tutashuvda issiqlik turg'unligi tekshiriladi.

Kalkulyatorning xususiyatlari

Ish tokini ruxsat etilgan bilan taqqoslash: I_ish ≤ I_ruxsat
Harorat tuzatish koeffitsiyenti (PUE 1.3.3)
Guruhlash tuzatish koeffitsiyenti (PUE 1.3.12)
Haddan tashqari yuklama rejimini tekshirish (1,45 × I_ruxsat)
Qisqa tutashuvda issiqlik turg'unligini tekshirish: S_min = I_kz × √t / k
Kabel markasini hisobga olish: VVGng, AVVGng, izolyatsiya turi
Avtomat o'chirgich bilan muvofiqlashtirish

Hisoblash formulalari

Issiqlik yo'qotish quvvati: P_yoqotish = I² × R, bunda R — o'tkazgich qarshiligi (Om). Uzoq muddatli rejimda ajralgan issiqlik muhitga berilgan bilan muvozanatlashadi va o'tkazgich harorati barqarorlashadi.

Tuzatilgan ruxsat etilgan tok: I_ruxsat' = I_jadval × K_harorat × K_guruh. Yuqori haroratda K_t = 0,87–0,94 (35–40 °C uchun), bitta paketda 3–4 kabel uchun K_g = 0,70–0,80.

Haddan tashqari yuklama: kabel 1,45 × I_ruxsat tokiga 1 soatgacha bardosh bera oladi (GOST 31996-2012) — bu avtomatning termik bo'shatish parametrlari bilan muvofiqlashtiriladi.

Qisqa tutashuvda issiqlik turg'unligi: S_min = I_kz × √t / k, bunda t — qisqa tutashuvni uzish vaqti (s), k — koeffitsiyent: mis/PVX uchun 115, mis/XLPE uchun 143, alyuminiy/PVX uchun 76.

P = I²·R; I_ruxsat' = I_jadval × K_t × K_g; S_min = I_kz·√t/k (Cu/ПВХ k=115)

Ruxsat etilgan toklar jadvali (mis, PVX, VVGng)

Kesim, mm²	Havoda, A	Yerda, A
2,5	25	34
4	35	42
6	42	55
10	55	80
16	75	105
25	95	135

Me'yoriy baza

Kabellarni qizishga tekshirish PUE 1.3-bob (1.3.3, 1.3.4–1.3.6, 1.3.12-jadvallar), GOST 31996-2012 «Plastik izolyatsiyali elektr kabellari» va GOST R 50571.5.52 hujjatlari bilan tartibga solinadi. Asosiy talablar:

— uzoq muddatli rejimda ish toki ruxsat etilgan uzoq muddatli tokdan oshmasligi kerak;

— o'tkazgichning ruxsat etilgan harorati: PVX izolyatsiya uchun 70 °C, XLPE uchun 90 °C;

— qisqa tutashuvda o'tkazgich 250 °C dan yuqori qizisa, kesimni oshirish kerak;

— guruhlangan yotqizishda koeffitsiyentlar majburiy — kanaldagi kabellar bir-birini isitadi.

Kalkulyatordan qanday foydalanish kerak

Kabel markasi, kesimi va izolyatsiya turini tanlang.
Yotqizish usulini ko'rsating: havoda, yerda, trubada, kanalda.
Liniyaning ish tokini kiriting (hisoblang yoki o'lchang).
Muhit harorati va paketdagi kabellar sonini belgilang.
«Hisoblash» tugmasini bosing va tuzatilgan ruxsat etilgan tokni, qizish shartining bajarilishini va qisqa tutashuv tekshiruvini oling.

Tez-tez uchraydigan xatolar

Bitta paketda ko'p kabelni guruhlash koeffitsiyentisiz yotqizish — markaziy kabellar yashirincha qiziydi.
Muhit haroratini hisobga olmaslik — chordoqlarda va yozda izolyatsiya eriydi.
Kesimni faqat avtomat nominaliga qarab tanlash — yuklamaning real toki tekshirilmaydi.
Qisqa tutashuvda issiqlik turg'unligini tekshirmaslik — transformator yonidagi ingichka kabellar eriydi.
Alyuminiyni mis o'rniga bir xil kesimda ishlatish — ruxsat etilgan tok pastroq.
XLPE izolyatsiyali kabelga PVX qiymatlarini qo'llash — yuqori haroratga chidamli kabelning chegarasi sun'iy pasaytiriladi.

Kabel qizishi haqida tez-tez beriladigan savollar

Kabel nima uchun qiziydi?

Tok o'tkazgichdan o'tganda R × I² qonuni bo'yicha issiqlik ajraladi: yo'qotish quvvati tokning kvadratiga proporsional. Masalan, tokni ikki baravar oshirsangiz, qizish to'rt baravar ortadi. Normal rejimda qizish kichik va issiqlik muhitga uzatiladi, lekin tok ruxsat etilganidan oshsa, harorat tez ko'tariladi.

Kabel uchun qaysi harorat haddan tashqari?

PVX izolyatsiyali kabellar uchun uzoq muddatli ruxsat etilgan o'tkazgich harorati 70 °C, XLPE izolyatsiyali uchun 90 °C. Qisqa tutashuvda qisqa muddatli chegara 250 °C (PVX). Qo'l tegish uchun 60 °C dan ortiq qizigan kabel allaqachon xavotirli belgidir.

Bitta kanalga qo'shimcha kabel yotqizish mumkinmi?

Ha, lekin guruhlash koeffitsiyentini qo'llash kerak: kabellar bir-birini isitadi va umumiy ruxsat etilgan tok kamayadi. PUE 1.3.12 ga ko'ra 3–4 kabel uchun koeffitsiyent 0,70–0,80, 5–6 uchun 0,60–0,70. Ya'ni, masalan, toki 16 A dan ortiq bo'lgan uchta liniya bitta kanalga yotqizilmasligi kerak — kesimni oshiring yoki alohida kanallar.

1,45 koeffitsiyenti nimani anglatadi va nima uchun muhim?

GOST 31996-2012 ga ko'ra kabel 1,45 × I_ruxsat tokiga kamida 1 soat bardosh bera oladi — bu avtomatning termik bo'shatish ishlash xarakteristikasi bilan muvofiqlashtiriladi. Avtomat bu vaqt ichida liniyani uzishi kerak, aks holda kabel haddan tashqari qiziydi. Bu kabel himoyasi sharti asoslanadigan matematik asosdir.

Qisqa tutashuvda issiqlik turg'unligini qachon tekshirish kerak?

Har doim, lekin ayniqsa transformator yaqinida va qisqa liniyalarda: u yerdagi qisqa tutashuv toki o'nlab kiloamperga yetishi mumkin. S_min = I_kz × √t / k formulasi bilan hisoblash shuni ko'rsatadiki, qisqa uzish vaqtlarida ham ingichka kesim (masalan, 1,5 mm²) erishi mumkin. Natija jadval qiymatidan katta bo'lsa, kesimni oshiring.

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